Photocurable polymer c. 1. Primer On The Implementation Of Metal Additive Manufacturing, Its Promises And Challenges, And The Need For Novel Superfinishing Technology Nathan B. Isotropic Superfinishing is a chemically accelerated vibratory finishing process that is capable of generating surface finishes with an Arithmetic Mean Roughness (R a )< 3 min. REM President & CEO, Justin Michaud, will be. About us. . Rahmati, in Comprehensive Materials Processing, 2014 10. g. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day…. Introduction. Metal additive manufacturing is showing excellent perspectives of growth. The Future of Manufacturing. Additive manufacturing (AM) has many advantages: custom manufacturing, flexible production and easy customization, for example. Hybrid process chains lack structured decision-making tools to support advanced manufacturing strategies, consisting of a simulation-enhanced sequencing and planning of additive and subtractive processes. See full list on link. The Metal Additive Manufacturing (Metal AM) Industry is revolutionizing manufacturing processes and part design. 254 mm thickness in most cases and, only for some materials, of 0. Additive Manufacturing. As a source for high-quality, accurate, and timely additive. Figure 3: Isotropically superfinishing EBM Ti 6-4 component. Accordingly, AM technologies have given great flexibility in design for building complex components, highly customized products,. “Removing that amount of material in a short amount of time requires lot of energy, and the part heats up. m ~50μm, while the surface roughness of parts by subtractive manufacturing is usually below Ra 2. AMPOWER performed a detailed study on surface finish processes of metal AM parts. ) Improved surface quality entails increased percentage contact area, less friction. 1). At the lowest rate of 0. Additive manufacturing to create objects entirely of metal. The overall valuation of the additive manufacturing for global aerospace was US$1. SurfaceTechnology GERMANY – the international meeting place for the industry – offers manufacturers of surface technology products and solutions a platform to present their latest technologies, products and services and to network with customers and partners from all over the world and from a wide range of industries. In 2011, Elsevier published 4523 articles relating to AM. What is additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing is the process of creating an object by building it one layer at a time. The MTC assessed the capability of various techniques to finish a variety of internal features in AM parts, both through experimental trials and a literature review. The crown on the specimens was also measured after the superfinishing step. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for almost three decades. Metal additive manufacturing is a major concern for advanced manufacturing industries thanks to its ability to manufacture complex-shaped parts in materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by. Regards, Terry Increasingly tight tolerances between mating surfaces, especially on wear parts, call for additional processing. The result of the simulation is the profile of the superfinished surface at an evaluation length of 1. Additive Manufacturing (AM) prints mechanical parts with an extreme degree of complexity, giving form to supposedly impossible geometries and about every imaginable shape that anyone can think off. Read more about Turbine. It is possible to determine the surface roughness parameters from the profile. Developing new methods of obtaining acceptable surface finish, and inspecting parts, will help to extend the benefits of additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is an emerging technique for manufacturing complex shapes rather than traditional manufacturing procedures due to the tool free manufacturing method. For instance, DMG MORI combines DED (powder feed and laser) with five-axis CNC. SPEE3D is a relatively new entrant into the additive manufacturing industry. Post-Process Superfinishing of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Components with Complex Geometries R. Your Industry. The seventh annual Additive Manufacturing Strategies (AMS 2024) networking business summit takes place February 6-8, 2024, in New York City. Add up to six Supfina attachments. Benefits of Additive Manufacturing. Find out more in the Solutions section. Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive manufacturing technology that opens the design space for parts outside those possible from traditional. For example, it makes classic tool making largely superfluous, enables the rapid production of complex structures and a high degree of individualization and flexibility. <br>Super user in. Sandwell UK Ltd is a Surface Engineering, Coatings and Advanced Technology & Innovations company, globally supporting customers with specialist solutions, working with high end. Superfinishing is usually considered to be a process that. The greatest possible flexibility when machining any raceway geometries. The plant is designed and approved to process both tiny critical components and assemblies to mid-size components using mass media finishing and high performance superfinishing technology to provide ultra-fine polished surfaces for critical applications in aerospace and medical applications. And since additive manufacturing is the same cost regardless of the complexity of the part, it costs less to create complex parts than using milling. According to ASTM International, our Metal Additive Manufacturing process is "Powder Bed Fusion", our technology is known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). In processes like machining, the material is a known quantity. This is a digital model of the object to be manufactured. An Additive Manufacturing Machine Shop. Photocurable polymer. 3D Additive Manufacturing Finishing. Latest Issue | Additive Manufacturing. Attachments can be permanently mounted, manually moved or NC controlled. and Peter, William H. Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is popular because of its unique benefits such as the fabrication of complex geometries and personalized parts. Double-disk grinding and double-disk flat grinding are different terms for the same process. 5100 / 3300. Superfinishing, microhoning, or microfinishing machines produce surfaces with a very fine or low roughness average (Ra). Photocurable polymer c. with proven Supfina precision. We are an online portal for the CNC machine industry and manufacturing domain. Further information as PDF file The Reasons Why Super Finishing Enhances Component Performance. To Conference. With many years experience, Sandwell uses Additive Manufacturing to produce tooling for Shot Peening and Surface Finishing. Like other finishing processes, it involves the removal of material. ISO Finishing works on products made of all types of materials. Superfinishing is an imprecise term for a range of manufacturing techniques that produce enhanced surface finishes. 47 billion in 2020. REM’s isotropic superfinishing processes are used on many conventionally manufactured components, ranging from high-volume, pre-plating applications, such as. These processes chip away a lot of material to create the final product. Jason B. The additive manufacturing process is in complete contrast to. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a process that creates threedimensional objects directly from digital information, avoiding the use of tooling. 2. The Supfina machine series Cenflex, Cenpro, MultiTool and LCM are used for plunge-cutting of shafts between centers. S. An Introduction to Additive Manufacturing (Also known as 3D printing) by Dr. Equipment in the additive machine shop is standardized, just like the rest of the company, for maximum flexibility. The superfinishing process is suitable for any material that can be machined with geometrically undefined cutting edges. Superfinishing removes 1-2 microns of stock on radius and requires less energy. AM allows for rapid printing, greatly reduced lead times, and complex designs/features not possible via traditional manufacturing. IndustryArena Products, the leading Product-Research-Database with more than 3,000 product categories. Space 16 Nov 2023. It is a process that uses special software and equipment. In 2011, Elsevier published 4523 articles relating to AM. This paper provides a comprehensive review on MAF process which is mainly organized by different six sections, including MAF. The process offers a host of advantages over traditional, abrasive-only processes. Here, the company explains how it has become more effective using its multifunction lathe to produce small batches of custom racing camshafts. When you hear the term ‘manufacturing’, the immediate scene that comes to your mind is machining a solid block of material to the required shape using a machine and the chips are taken out as scrap. As such, from. For the superfinish processing of ground and finely turned surfaces, also for tapered roller bearings with small undercuts. Additive manufacturing requires strict control of the entire process from powder through AM build and post-processing. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests were conducted on samples fabricated by two powder-bed additive manufacturing techniques. Binder jetting: an additive manufacturing process in which a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join powder materials. The main benefits to this include:Find your additive manufacturing vibratory finishing machine easily amongst the 7 products from the leading brands (Otec,. Considerable progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative microscale AM processes, as well as several. Lead times are reduced drastically. Pros and Cons of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Pros of Additive Manufacturing. . The second day will end with the CCM-ITA Open Doors. Srinivasan et al. More than 50% of the worldwide engineering businesses revealed that they had increased their usage of 3D. However, the industry faces challenges as it seeks to move into new and more challenging applications. Supfina. The most common term for additive fabrication is rapid prototyping. Results indicate that the GO nanosheet additive can significantly improve the dispersibility and stability of KOH-based silica slurry. The ISF Process is a suite of chemically accelerated surface finishing and polishing technologies that generate low Ra surfaces with non-directional/isotropic surface textures and exceptionally high bearing ratios. Superfinishing is a chip removing machining process. 1 µm. Metal powder b. 5100 / 3300. C. That said, it can be difficult to determine the optimal process parameters, such as the scan speed or power of the laser. Industrial machines & equipments. Superfinishing unlike polishing which produces a high-gloss finish creates a crosshatch pattern on the workpiece. An example is GE’s additively manufactured fuel nozzle for CFM International’s LEAP aircraft engine. This is. J. ADD TO CALENDAR. Multiple benefits of AM have been identified within this growing industry. · profiled to the workpiece geometry. Rotary Brush Technology for. -Broad range of further analytic services around galvanic processes. The manufacturing business is growing, the Additive market is thriving, and India is undoubtedly in the focus. Choosing Your Finishing Level. Additive manufacturing is a technology with a great deal of potential to affect the gear industry as well as manufacturing at large, but there are challenges for it to overcome if this impact is to occur. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a much discussed and researched topic by the present advanced manufacturing research fraternity. Ranging from biomedical stent in artery to aerojet turbine blades, consecutively adding materials layer-by-layer enables sophisticated parts to be printed. Car and truck crankshafts. -Corrosion analysis . Suitable turning and milling applications include roughing, semi-finishing and finishing, as well as interrupted cuts. SURFACE POLISHING BY HAND. Additive Manufacturing. One-off or short-run parts are possible without tooling. It is the opposite of subtractive. Industrial machines & equipments. This is precisely the feature that produces the unique characteristics of a perfectly machined surface. 1. Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes alone cannot usually meet surface roughness requirements. Call Fintek: +44 (0)1706 82 5819. g. When Handing Down the Family Machine Shop Is as Complex as a Swiss-Turned Part: The transition into Swiss-type machining at Deking Screw Products required more than just a shift in production operations. The ceramic indexable inserts with chamfer have a rounded cutting edge (hone E) for a soft cutting action or a tough cutting edge (T-land T01020) for heavy-duty machining. Figure 11 shows that as the MRR’ is increased, the grinding power also increases. Additive Manufacturing - Innovations in Forging. fast wetting. The Turbine Forum is a technical conference all about the complexities involved to making and repairing engines for aerospace, space, power generation, oil and gas and industrial applications. The RAMPT programme calls for the development of enabling technologies, improved production methods and advanced design and analysis tools related to the agency’s objectives to expand human presence in the solar system, to mature novel design and manufacturing technologies to increase scale. Complex Geometries: AM excels in producing intricate and complex geometries that would be challenging with subtractive manufacturing (SM). 1 Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 6. Barbati, Desktop Metal: 3:10: Break: 3:20:Isotropic superfinishing is an ideal method of removing the problematic white layer created during the nitriding process. But not one that is comparable to any other. In contrast with the traditional subtractive manufacturing which removes material from a bulk material to form a required shape, AM uses wires or powders as feedstock, build the material. Jeff Schwarz. It is possible to determine the surface roughness parameters from the profile. Powder-bed fusion, DED, Binder Jet, Metal FDM, we’ve got additive polishing solutions to meet your surface finishing needs. The answer has to do with depths of cut. These prototypes are used as test models before it is finalized as well as sometimes as a final product. Paper Mill Cleaning. For the superfinish processing of ground and finely turned surfaces, also for tapered roller bearings with small undercuts. B. Difference between Rapid Prototyping and Additive Manufacturing? What You See Is What You Build (WYSIWYB) Process. With AM, engineers can emphasize on design or functional optimization, rather than machinability associated with the component. 0, digitizing part design and production and automating fabrication. Z. In combination with a wide range of automated solutions, these machines can finish surfaces on a wide variety of shafts. BV has developed a range of super-finishing systems which produce extremely low surface roughness values and highly polished appearances. Binder Jet printing is an additive manufacturing technique that dispenses liquid binding agent on powder to form a two-dimensional pattern on a layer. Superfinishing, also known as micromachining, microfinishing, and short-stroke honing, is a metalworking process that improves surface finish and workpiece geometry. The process called superfinishing, also known as microfinishing, is a secondary operation that follows grinding or hard turning operations as a last surface preparation operation. Easy accessibility. Future metal additive part integrity will be enhanced through additional work on the development of improved machine reliability, NDE methods for quality assurance, process quality control and process control of feedstock raw materials. Additive manufacturing is quickly becoming a feasible option for full-scale manufacturing. In this manufacturing process, a light pulse emits with a period shorter than a nanosecond. 3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. Prof. Additive manufacturing on orbit and on celestial bodies. A very fine grit stone or several fine bonded stones are rubbed against the surface of the workpiece. In contrast to the classic lathe turning and grinding methods, there is full surface contact between the tool and the workpiece. The ring gear has a diameter of 8. All functions of the attachment can be controlled by hand via a pneumatic control unit or via the machine control. Poor surface finish and limited fatigue life are two of the largest challenges present in as-printed Metal AM components. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades’ experience of superfinishing using stones and tapes as well as in economical machining systems for double-sided and tape grinding operations. Keywords: additive manufacturing, post-process superfinishing, space applications Growing adoption of Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies promises revolutionary beneficial changes in manufacturing, however, in many industries, particularly industries such as Aerospace. The highest quality is easily achieved, even for small batches and single parts. A framework developed by The Barnes Global Advisors illustrates considerations and steps for qualifying additively manufactured parts, using an example familiar to those in AM: the 3D printed bottle opener. The past decades have seen Additive Manufacturing (AM) develop from an idea to a groundbreaking technology, revolutionizing metal component manufacturing across many industries. REM President & CEO, Justin Michaud, will be. 3-axis CNC machine: A 3-axis CNC uses a combination of three directions, known as the X, Y,. Some are succeeding with additive technology today. Superfinishing removes the top layer of material on a workpiece’s surface to create a. You can increase your efficiency and achieve high end precision on your parts. sales@sandwell-uk. More than 50% of the worldwide engineering businesses revealed that they had increased their usage of 3D. and Dehoff, Ryan}, abstractNote =. -Damage analysis . Are you looking for a way to make a. [] In 2021 they published 19,592. GRINDING. The additive machine shop is led by Aaron Glanz and consists of eight machinists on first shift, seven on second, and two on the weekends with plans to add more. The paper sets out a method aiming at identifying an optimal process window for additive manufacturing, while considering its. 1. Vat photopolymerisation describes resin-based additive manufacturing processes in which ultraviolet light is used to layer-wise solidify liquid resin into a desired 3D shape. But not one that is comparable to any other. Superfinishing of Hydraulic Piston Rods. What follows is a two-step process. While formative and subtractive manufacturing processes are considered more traditional, additive manufacturing (AM) is a family of evolving technologies that are rapidly growing with techniques and constraints yet to be. Additive Manufacturing: Additive manufacturing processes have minimal material wastage. There is little doubt that gears will be made via AM in the future. The Source Engineering Team helps to specify the best surface finishing processes and train the workers to. 27 billion by 2030, representing a CAGR of 20. As a future technology, additive manufacturing (or 3D printing) promises many advantages over conventional manufacturing. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is a computer-controlled process that uses CAD representations to build physical parts layer by layer. 197 in. manufacturing methodologies. Supfina. Surface Finishing of Additive Manufactured Parts Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) is now an established technology for prototyping and production. Mechanical properties are directly compared to other works in the field and similar additive manufacturing (AM) and Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) manufacturing alternatives from the literature. Out of 180,000 companies, Supfina has been awarded the coveted distinction of "Germany's Innovation Leader" by the F. 6 Burnishing 6. This is due to the fact that they create a more refined surface. By joining block segments b. : - 126540319070 Date: - 07/July/2014 V. Superfinishing,. The layers are stacked to build a physical article. Superfinishing sleeves and cup wheels. Metalworking’s leading information resource SubscribeOur proven process makes us the ideal partner for additive manufacturers in a wide range of industries. com +44 (0) 1327 350205. With this experience, highly modularized and flexible manufacturing solutions are now being created for a wide range of industries worldwide. 0 framework since it provides new manufacturing solutions to several industrial sectors. Jason B. 2. Introduction. . From the most intricate additive parts to surgical and medical parts, our high-energy tumbling and vibratory machines can finish and deburr parts in mass quantities in. From the gigantic bearings of offshore wind turbines to the micro bearings of the smallest variable displacement motors in our cars, a wide variety of shapes and sizes are used. Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a group of powder-bed based layered Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques for direct fabrication of metal and metal alloys. 3. The pinion offset is. Also known as micromachining and short-stroke honing, superfinishing is an advanced metalworking process that’s designed to create a more refined finish on metal workpieces. Lubrication. Jones. The white paper states that NASA has found out that finishing to such precision of MMP technology, leads to 0. com ISF® – Isotropic Superfinishing is a chemically accelerated finishing method developed by REM Chemicals, that generates a non-directional low Ra surface. "The Internal Finishing for Additive Manufacturing (AM. What is additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing fabricates parts by building them up layer-by-layer (as opposed to cutting material away or molding it). The axial depth of cut (ap) is up to 0. Unfortunately, the most meticulous. The precise alignment and machining of the rocker arm geometry and a high-quality finish increase durability and reduce friction in the valve mechanism. The preferred length of manuscripts is 5000 words. For more information about the services ISO Finishing offers or request free sample processing, contact our team at 1-800-623-7798. The Supfina RaceFlex is made for superfinishing of ball and roller bearings inner and outer rings. Automation possible. We are an online portal for the CNC machine industry and manufacturing domain. Loose or unfused powder is removed during post processing and is recycled for the next build. Before and after: stainless steel complex test shape. When precise accuracy and/or surface finish are required, grinding is often used. 3. The pneumatic oscillators have a lower mass. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day…. Using h-LPBF. Further information as PDF. Technical data. In this session, learn about how Autodesk is integrating design into the manufacturing process. This is achieved by removing only the thin amorphous surface layer with a grindstone or grinding belt. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades’ experience of superfinishing using stones and tapes as well as in economical machining systems for double-sided and tape grinding operations. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades’ experience of superfinishing using stones and tapes as well as in economical machining systems for double-sided and tape grinding operations. In this session, learn about how Autodesk is integrating design into the manufacturing process. Specific Capabilities: Validated shot peeningAs a technology of additive manufacturing (AM), selective laser melting (SLM) is widely used in metal printing, such as super-alloys, stainless steel. Additive manufacturing is a technology native to Industry 4. Accelerated Surface Finishing is our proprietary Isotropic Superfinishing process, designed, engineered, and produced in house. Jones. Creation of a surface with a high load-bearing capacity and good lubricating properties. 1. Through a milling process, cutting tools remove material from the block until the finished part is made. Representative technologies include laser metal deposition and selective laser sintering that make metal powders melt in order to form diverse 3D structures. This is achieved by removing just the thin amorphous surface layer left by the last process with an abrasive stone or tape; this layer is usually about 1 μm in magnitude. With the Face series, Supfina provides the ultimate solution for versatile flat finishing for medium and large workpiece volumes – fast and flexible. In contrast to the subtractive process of removing material from a larger piece, additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes build objects by adding material one layer at a time, with each. Grinding power was measured for all five material removal rates tested in this study. Although different companies and entities may apply their own definition to the term, in. The material-conversion processes usually start with a forging or forming process followed by soft (green) machining to create the desired form and. 27 billion by 2030, representing a CAGR of 20. The work in the first area includes the study of the thermal-mechanical-microstructure-property-fatigue relationship of laser melt additive process. For production of critical parts, the manufacturing processes turning raw materials into finished components typically consist of material-conversion processes and finishing processes (Fig. Stewart Mitchell. Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an industrial computer-controlled process that produces 3D objects by depositing materials in layers on the base material. 0ʼ [1], [2], [3]. More info TBD. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Additive or direct-digital processing beings with a: a. Additive manufacturing (AM) is joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, instead of subtractive manufacturing. It is increasingly being used for structural aerospace applications. Supfina 90. 2 shows the five different groups of LC-DCPs in terms of surface conditions. Method. Additive manufacturing (AM) is currently perceived as a disruptive technology in production engineering. Molten plastic and more. Two powerful motors achieve stock removal of over 1mm at cycle times well below one second. Additive Manufacturing (AM) involves classes of manufacturing technologies which build 3D components by adding a material layer upon a layer. Primary Topics: Design for additive manufacturing Simulation for additive manufacturing Presenters: Ryan Abel Product Technical Specialist, Fusion 360 Ryan Abel has 20 years of Design, Engineering and Manufacturing experience. Selecting the most suitable surface finishing technology is critical to prove the viability of components from a cost and functional standpoint. Post-Process Superfinishing of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Components with Complex Geometries R. Yet many products have a high surface roughness and porosity. 4 Polishing 6. Nowadays, it is increasingly being used in the industrial manufacturing of titanium-alloy components for aerospace and medical industries; however, the main weakness of structural. [11] Singh P, Singh L and Singh S 2020 Manufacturing and performance analysis of. Additive Manufacturing Letters is a highly selective peer-reviewed journal focused on rapid time-to-first-decision for short-format manuscripts describing early stage, emerging and/or ground-breaking research in the field of additive manufacturing. Learn what superfinishing remains, what uses it shouldn be used for and wherefore you should take care when specifying surface finish parameters. According to the 3D model data, high power lasers melt the powder, rapidly. Additive manufacturing makes it possible to speed up the process of manufacturing a. Turbine Forum 2024. - Aluminum oxides, silicon carbide, diamond or CBN. (5 mm). The possibility of processing cobalt-chrome parts by additive manufacturing opens the way to the production of complex net-shaped parts able to withstand high loads and at the same time resist the corrosive environment or thermal loads. Rotary Brush Technology for. a. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades’ experience of superfinishing using stones and tapes as well as in economical machining systems for double-sided and tape grinding operations. In this session, learn about how Autodesk is integrating design into the manufacturing process. [] In 2021 they published 19,592. ”. Supfina. Search Logic: All products with ANY of the. Supfina Grieshaber has many decades’ experience of superfinishing using stones and tapes as well as in economical machining systems for double-sided and tape grinding operations. for flat machining on components such as camshaft adjusters, planetary gears, front faces on rolling bearing bodies or sealing surfaces of retaining bodies, nozzles and valve plates. One of the advantages of the MMP process, particularly within the SuperBrightning area, resides in its ability to. As one of the four major machine tool shows in the world, it has attracted numerous exhibitors and visitors due to its significant influence and. Makra Pro is an additive manufacturing service provider that has developed a novel process for molding leather, a popular trim material in luxury cars that can be difficult to shape, using 3D printed dies. This episode of the AM Radio podcast is brought to you by PTXPO. In 2018, GE Aviation already produced over 23,000 flight-quality. Keywords: additive manufacturing, aerospace, propulsion, space, superalloys, superfinishing. In additive manufacturing, however, the material properties are being established. The term “in-space manufacturing” includes at least one of the three main parts of a value chain, including fabrication, assembly, and integration, which are performed on orbit [223], or more generally outside of the Earth's atmosphere. Also, the SLM is considered the most potential metal additive manufacturing technology. g. The process produces a uniform mirror-like finish on hardened steel parts that reduces friction, contact fatigue and stress risers. Superfinishing polishing tools. A. Technology Field Manager Additive Manufacturing and Surface Technology. No matter your workpiece properties, the Supfina Spiro offers an ideal fine grinding solution for your most stringent tolerance and material requirements. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes open the possibility to go directly from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to a physical prototype. The machining of spherical components is also possible. All functions of the attachment can be controlled by hand via a pneumatic control unit or via the machine control. 2. with proven Supfina precision. Additive manufacturing is the process of creating an object by building it one layer at a time. For the work. Figure 11.